Highly active and stable Pt3Rh nanoclusters as supportless electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cells

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Highly active and stable Pt3Rh nanoclusters as supportless electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cells

Year : 2014

Publisher : American Chemical Societyservice@acs.org

Source Title : ACS Catalysis

Document Type :

Abstract

The supportless PtRh nanoclusters (Pt3Rh NC) were prepared using formic acid reductant. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed individual particle sizes less than 7 nm, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed a 3:1 ratio of Pt and Rh. The as-prepared Pt3Rh NC exhibited an improved activity and durability toward electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol (MOR) and possesses greater CO tolerance than conventional PtRu and other Pt-based MOR catalysts. For comparison, the Vulcan carbon supported (Pt3Rh NC/VC) catalyst was prepared under identical conditions and used for MOR. The supportless Pt3Rh NC catalyst possessed mass activity of 1392.5 mA mg-1 with an If/Ib ratio of 2.61, which is nearly 3-fold higher than the Pt3Rh NC/VC and also comparable to the benchmark MOR catalysts. The surface poisoning rate was found to be relatively smaller compared to the standard PtRu/C catalysts (δ = 0.0044% s-1). The activation energy for MOR was found to be 22.5 kJ mol-1. The durability study for 4000 potential cycles in an acidic solution showed that nearly 78% of mass activity has been retained. The supportless Pt3Rh NC has much improved activity and stability compared to both Pt3Rh NC/VC and standard PtRu MOR catalysts. Therefore, the supportless Pt3Rh NC could be seen as a potential electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation due to high activity, enhanced stability, and diminished poisoning of the Pt surface, which is stabilized in the presence of Rh in nanocluster morphology.