The groundwater of the Western Bengal basin is found to be polluted by various non-point sourced contaminants. A significant increase in anthropogenic activities subsequently affects water quality. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability to pesticide pollution due to anthropogenic activities across the Western Bengal basin. Pesticide concentration of 141 wells for three consecutive years (2012 – 2014) was collected and data were acquired from West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB). Based on seven hydrogeological parameters groundwater specific vulnerability was assessed. The vulnerability to pesticide pollution across the Western Bengal basin was again validated with analyzed pesticide concentration for 235 wells for 2014–2016. The agricultural prone region of the study area is highly susceptible to pesticide pollution. The spatiotemporal trend of different pesticides suggests the basin is more vulnerable to insecticides such as malathion than that of herbicides. The application of pesticides influences mostly the spatio-temporal variability of pesticide concentration in groundwater of shallow aquifer across Western Bengal basin; however, the natural hydrogeological setting of this area is one of the most influential parameters which impact the pesticide infiltration onto aquifer. Depth to the water table is the most sensitive parameter which showed a significant impact on pesticide concentration in groundwater. Vulnerability assessment across different land-uses helps the decision-makers to improve water quality.