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Porous nanohybrid transparent film with ITO nanoparticles and carbon dots for high-efficiency NIR shielding and UV-A blocking

Year : 2026

Publisher : Elsevier B.V.

Source Title : Surfaces and Interfaces

Document Type :

Abstract

Global warming is increasing power consumption for air-conditioning, while depletion of the ozone layer has increased the likelihood of skin damage from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These issues highlight the urgent need for hybrid nanoarchitectures for energy-efficient windows that can simultaneously provide solar heat shielding and UV protection. In this study, we developed a porous, hybrid, film composed of indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) and metal-free carbon dots (CDs), termed ITO-CD film. This porous film offers efficient solar heat shielding and UV blocking, making it suitable for windows and skylights while avoiding both the use of precious metals and minimizing the use of ITO. Its porous structure which generates surface roughness enables high transmission of visible light, while promoting strong internal scattering of near-infrared (NIR) radiation. This effect enhances NIR absorption, enabling simultaneous solar heat shielding. By tuning its surface morphology and thickness, this ITO-CD film achieved >75% absorption of NIR radiation and >90% UV-A blocking efficiency, while maintaining high visible light transmittance. When tested on a miniature model house, under simulated solar irradiation, interior temperatures were reduced by almost 11 °C, demonstrating its potential as a practical light management solution for architectural window applications.