The photocatalytic-self-Fenton system (PSF) is a synergistic approach that combines photocatalysis and Fenton technologies and has garnered considerable attention towards the remediation of noxious compounds. The in-situ generation of H2O2 and effective interaction between Fe ions, or in the absence of Fe ions, produces abundant reactive oxygen species in the reclamation of noxious compounds. The PSF system offers advantages such as the absence of external addition of H2O2 and the accelerated cyclic conversion of the Fe2+/Fe3+. Different materials, including g-C3N4, metal sulfides (CdS, In2S3, and FeS2), metal oxides, and resins, exhibit substantial potential for development in this context. This review delves into the detailed exploration of PSFs, thoroughly examining the concrete mechanism encompassing both photocatalysis and Fenton reactions. Subsequently, the focus extends to the properties, modifications, and applications of the promising catalysts. Finally, this review anticipates novel research directions in the realm of PSFs, offering insights to enhance their practical applications in the future. The comprehensive overview opens up new horizons for advancing the efficacy of PSFs in real-world scenarios.