Herein, industrial iron oxide dust generated was upcycled into a sheet-like porous Fe3O4-CuO nanocomposite for the adsorption-based removal of organic pollutants from water. The Fe3O4-CuO adsorbent was synthesized through a simple acid-assisted reduction method and characterized using FESEM, HRTEM, PXRD, XPS, and BET analyses. The as synthesized Fe3O4-CuO showed efficient adsorption toward Congo Red (CR), an anionic azo dye, and benzimidazole (BZI), a pharmaceutical contaminant. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that surface interactions played a major role in the uptake process, while isotherm studies revealed heterogeneous multilayer adsorption for CR and monolayer adsorption for BZI, with maximum adsorption capacities of ∼217 and ∼788 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption behavior was strongly influenced by solution pH and temperature, confirming the role of electrostatic interactions.