Fluidized bed (FB) adsorption has emerged as a promising technology for efficient pollutant removal, addressing traditional fixed-bed limitations such as high pressure drop and channeling. This paper summarizes the essential concepts of fluidization and emphasizes its superior heat and mass transfer capabilities, which can boost transfer rates by 200-300% over conventional systems. The paper describes how FB systems can achieve up to 2.5 times better adsorption capacity in several applications, including wastewater treatment and CO₂ collection. Modern modeling methodologies, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and artificial intelligence (AI), are investigated as critical tools for optimizing reactor design and enabling industrial scale-up. Furthermore, recent technological innovations are discussed, such as the development of advanced materials like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon nanotubes, and the integration of hybrid electrochemical or photocatalytic systems. While problems like particle attrition and design complexity persist, FB adsorption provides a scalable, efficient, and sustainable option for large-scale industrial separations. Future perspectives emphasize the role of digital twins and autonomous control in advancing the field