The impact of TeO2 addition on the optical, dielectric, and elastic properties of xTeO2–(0.40-x)MoO3–0.25ZnO–0.35P2O5 glassy systems has been systematically studied. The density of the glassy specimens increases from (3.78–4.11) g.cm−3, while the molar volume decreases from (36.43–34.08) cm3mol−1 with increasing TeO2 concentration. Optical analysis reveals a reduction in the optical bandgap from (3.37–2.67) eV, and an increase in Urbach energy from (0.63–0.92) eV. Dielectric studies are thoroughly performed using dielectric and modulus spectroscopy. The well-known Bergman’s mode is applied to analyze the modulus spectra, while the Havriliak-Negami (HN) formalism is employed for dielectric relaxation analysis. By scaling modulus spectra, the changes in relaxation paths of charge carriers with the alteration of temperature has been illustrated. Furthermore. The Ultrasonic velocity measurements are performed to evaluate elastic properties, including shear modulus (increased from 15.79 to 20.33 GPa), longitudinal modulus (increased from 48.52 to 59.01 GPa), bulk modulus (increased from 27.51 to 32.81 GPa), Young’s modulus (increased from 39.77 to 49.98 GPa), and Poisson’s ratio (decreased from 0.258 to 0.242). Also, the results obtained from the Makishima-Mackenzie model validates the acquired elastic moduli data from ultrasonic measurments. These obtained results suggests that the as-prepared samples are beneficial for designing the mechanically improved conductive glassy materials for reducing power dissipation, facilitating high frequency advanced devices.