The present study provides a scientific investigation of a detailed review of the published works in the domain of eutrophication-based ecological modelling till the year 2020. A total of 399 articles were extracted for final analyses, which were subjected to a three-step hierarchical procedure; Bibliographic examination, scientometric investigation, and qualitative assessment. The bibliographic test filtered 320 samples, based on which the article samples were subjected to several scientometric analyses, such as identifying the most influential and productive journals, researchers, articles, and countries. Keyword analysis revealed the most frequently used keywords in the research domain and amongst scholars around the world. The scientometric studies were followed by a qualitative assessment wherein the current trends in research were discussed. This was followed by identifying the critical gaps in research to provide future direction. Thus, this research offers a more comprehensive and holistic approach towards the critical review of the published literature, thereby providing essential insights to the researchers regarding the existing practices of developing eutrophication-based ecological models and the future prospects lying ahead.