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Thermo-mechanical bending analysis of porous FGM plates: Influence of temperature-dependent material properties and porosity distributions

Year : 2026

Publisher : SAGE Publications Ltd

Source Title : Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

Document Type :

Abstract

This study investigates the thermo-mechanical bending behavior of perfect and porous functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates with temperature-dependent material properties. Temperature-dependent material properties are assumed to vary continuously along the thickness direction of the plate. To evaluate the effects of porosity on thermo-mechanical bending, five different distribution models have been considered: even, uneven, logarithmically uneven, linearly uneven, and sinusoidally uneven. It is assumed that the outer faces of the FGM sandwich plate are porous, while the ceramic core remains non-porous. A power law distribution is employed to ensure a smooth and continuous variation of the thermal and mechanical properties through the thickness of the FGM layers. The temperature distribution across the plate thickness is determined using a one-dimensional heat conduction equation and incorporated into the thermo-mechanical bending analysis. The hyperbolic shear deformation theory (HYSDT) that incorporates a hyperbolic distribution of transverse shear stresses and satisfies the traction-free boundary conditions, is employed in this study. The governing equations for the thermo-mechanical bending analysis are formulated using Hamilton’s variational principle. Further, Navier’s solution technique is employed to obtain analytical expressions for evaluating the central deflection, normal stress, and shear stress responses of porous FGM sandwich plates. A detailed parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of porosity distribution, porosity coefficient, temperature-dependent material properties, power law index, temperature difference, side-to-thickness ratio, and aspect ratio on the bending response. The results highlight the significant influence of material gradation, porosity characteristics, and thermal effects on the thermo-mechanical bending response of porous FGM sandwich plates. Furthermore, the close agreement between the present results and those available in the literature demonstrates the accuracy of HYSDT based analytical formulation.