Saliency-Guided DenseNet169 Framework for Automated Oral Cancer Diagnosis

Publications

Saliency-Guided DenseNet169 Framework for Automated Oral Cancer Diagnosis

Year : 2025

Publisher : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

Source Title : 2025 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications, DASA 2025

Document Type :

Abstract

This study presents a deep learning-based framework based on DenseNet169 for the classification of oral cancerous and non-cancerous conditions using lips and tongue images. In order to overcome the data scarcity and alleviate the overfitting, the Oral Cancer Images (OCI) dataset, consisting of 131 clinically validated samples, was increased to 1310 images using a ninefold augmentation strategy. Preprocessing – resizing, normalization, and augmentation to improve robustness were used. The DenseNet169 model showed an accuracy of 94%, with a precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.94, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively, to diagnose the cancerous cases, showing that the model is sufficient to diagnose the disease. Saliency-based visualization further enhanced interpretability by localizing lesion regions consistent with clinical observations. These results confirm the promise of DenseNet169 in supporting automated oral cancer screening, with potential to serve as an assistive tool in clinical decision-making and preventive oncology care.