Coal, oil, and natural gas are major conventional energy sources in the world but limited in amount. However, these sources create several environmental and health impacts during energy extraction processes. Coal mining and exploration, transportation, energy/electricity generation processes cause negative environmental externalities. Notably, electricity generation from coal alone emits approximately 60% of the global CO2, which has been projected as 36.4 GtCO2 in 2016. This scenario would be more challenging for developing nations to balance the increasing economic and industrial growth along with climate change issue. Therefore, alternative energy resources are recommended for the sustainable modern society to fulfill global energy demand with minimum environmental impacts.