Given the significance of household food security on well-being, this chapter assesses the dietary diversity and food security among the rural population and its implication on child health. This study is based on primary data collected from 85 rural households in Jharkhand. Household food insecurity access and Household Diet Diversity Score (HDDS) were measured using items from the household food security developed by Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project (FANTA). The study found that tribal people were more food secure as compared to non-tribal populations. Children who had less diverse diets were more likely to be malnourished. The findings of this chapter recommend a need for an ambitious programme of food security which not only meets effective demand but also ensures superior diet quality.