As medical records increasingly shift to digital formats, safeguarding the privacy and integrity of medical images is paramount. This chapter presents an innovative approach that blends DNA cryptography with RSA encryption to secure medical images effectively. By encoding image data into complex DNA sequences, DNA cryptography creates a robust layer of protection. This encoded data is then further secured using RSA, a trusted public-key encryption method. The proposed framework details a streamlined process for key generation, DNA-based encoding, encryption, decryption, and decoding. This dual-layered technique significantly enhances protection against unauthorized access and tampering. Experimental results show that the approach not only delivers strong security but also maintains high efficiency, making it well-suited for secure medical image transmission in healthcare systems. Evaluation using metrics such as Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) across various medical image types confirms that the model meets these standards at the highest level.