Recently, we have encountered many cases of data manipulation, data leaks, hacking accounts, and security issues due to passwords that could be easily hacked. To eliminate this problem, biometric authentication has been introduced as an alternative solution. Biometric verification is a mechanism through which it confirms a user’s identity using their unique physiological attributes like fingerprints, face identification, voice, etc., that cannot be stolen. Biometric authentication systems store information to verify a user’s identity and verify the original details when a user attempts to access the account. The most used biometric authentication is fingerprint recognition. However, it faces several issues, particularly in detecting spoofed fingerprints created using materials such as latex and gelatin. To address this issue, liveliness detection has emerged as a critical solution to distinguish between real and artificial fingerprints. This paper explores biometric authentication methods, fingerprint detection challenges, and advanced liveness detection techniques.