Lactic acid, a green chemical is found in many naturally processed products. Although, the organic acid can be manufactured by chemical method but cost effective utilization of agro-residues by carbohydrate fermentation is mostly preferred. This integrated approach not only minimizes the entire production cost but also reduces global waste burden. Furthermore, polymerization of monomers of lactic acid by poly-condensation leads to the formation of Poly-lactic acid (PLA). Biodegradability and biocompatibility of PLA, makes the polymer safe and ideal for its application in a wide range of industries. Unique surface modifiable characteristics of PLA also increase its versatility. Growing global awareness, public demand and governmental policies promotes the development of such technologies for making a sustainable environment. Although, rigorous research is required to make the polymer acceptable and commercially viable. In this chapter, an emphasis has been given to explain the possible ways of lactic acid production, polymerization and applications in a concise manner.