Asymmetric and discontinuous thermal-load mitigation using micro-fin-textured parallel-micro-channel flow devices

Publications

Asymmetric and discontinuous thermal-load mitigation using micro-fin-textured parallel-micro-channel flow devices

Year : 2025

Publisher : American Institute of Physics

Source Title : Physics of Fluids

Document Type :

Abstract

Effective thermal management of high thermal loads, especially asymmetric and localized hotspots, is a significant challenge for the safety and reliability of electronic devices. Software advancements and miniaturization today have devices which rely on multicore microprocessor architectures. Multiple active cores with high thermal loads risk inducing various hotspots and require sophisticated cooling of asymmetric thermal signatures, which can be realized via microfluidic interventions. This experimental research investigates the thermal performance of a parallel microchannel heat sink (PMCH) device and a proposed cylindrical pin fin heat sink (FHS) device to mitigate such practical heat load on microprocessors utilizing microfluidics devices. The thermo-fluidic performance of the heat sinks was studied for various uniform and non-uniform thermal loads, with a combined background heat load, to mimic several real-life asymmetric thermal signatures from current microprocessors. Non-uniform, asymmetric heat loads are studied here in the form of a single hotspot and as three-hot-spot thermal load to mimic the conditions of single and multicore operations. Three different micro heat-sink flow configurations (U, I, and Z types) are used to distribute the fluid effectively as per requirement, and their thermo-fluidic performance is comprehensively studied. Throughout the experiments, flow rates from 0.25 to 0.75 LPM, with an increment value of 0.25 LPM, were precisely maintained in all thermal heat load cases, and the thermal performance of two types of heat sinks was comprehensively analyzed. The work highlights that FHS outperforms PMCH at low flow rates due to enhanced mixing and effective hotspot cooling, while PMCH excels at higher flow rates (with up to ∼50% higher Nusselt numbers) and better temperature uniformity. Z-flow configuration consistently delivered the best thermal performance across both designs. These findings underscore the importance of flow rate and configuration optimization in microchannel cooling for advanced thermal management. The analysis provides effective cooling solutions for multicore microprocessors operating with different thermal design powers and shows that the FHS is a superior microfluidic thermal management device for asymmetric hotspots.