Abstract
The rapid depletion of conventional energy sources and the growing demand for sustainable sources has motivated the development of energy efficient electric vehicles during the current era. Traditionally battery powered systems depend heavily on non-renewable energy sources for charging, making them limit their environmental and operational sustainability. To address this challenge, the paper proposes a solar powered autonomous vehicle that uses solar energy to achieve self-efficiency and reduce dependency on conventional sources of energy. The designed vehicle is capable of following pre-defined path, while intelligently detecting and avoiding obstacles using the Arduino UNO (ATmega328P) microcontroller to ensure reliable performance. To enhance user interactivity a custom android application has been developed offering manual, automatic, and voice control modes. Experimental testing and performance validation validate system’s efficiency and practical viability of integrating all the functionalities on a single platform.