Cardiovascular diseases are the principal cause of life threats worldwide, with a projected 17.9 million deaths each year. The current treatment modalities for CVDs, such as pharmaceuticals and surgeries, generally provide symptomatic relief. However, the regeneration of cardiac tissue is preferred currently, and intense research in this area is happening across the globe. Also, in case of extreme heart failure cases, due to an inadequate number of organ donors, there is a need for artificial hearts made in labs that are currently being explored. Hydrogels play a crucial role in tissue engineering due to their tissue-like characteristics, which help deliver cardiac protective molecules and cells to the injured area of the heart and improve cell-based therapeutic potential. These can also support the regeneration of cardiac tissue after the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Various hydrogels are explored in cardiac tissue engineering, including natural hydrogels, synthetic hydrogels, natural/synthetic hybrid hydrogels, and many more based on their properties. And more recently, with the advent of 3D bioprinting technology, realizing the artificial heart as a reality is much closer than ever before. The biomaterial inks and the bioinks used in 3D bioprinting are typically hydrogels: the former ones without cells and the latter ones with cells, respectively. This chapter gives a brief background on the pathophysiology and treatment modalities of CVDs. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the types of hydrogels for cardiac tissue engineering and their pros and cons. Additionally, various approaches for cardiac tissue repair via hydrogels, from stimuli-responsive systems to hydrogels for 3D bioprinting applications, are discussed in detail. This chapter finally discusses hydrogel-based various cardiac 3D tissue and disease models that are used in drug screening applications.