Mining is an important activity at the present time that causes severe environmental stress. The heavy metals (metalloids) easily released into the environment, surface water and groundwater contamination, and soil and air pollution are also potential risks to human health. Due to the stringent environmental rules and global thirst for achieving Sustainable Development Goals, human negligence cannot be affordable in the long run. It is time to recognize the need for people connected with safe and sustainable mining activities of lucrative precious metals like gold. Therefore, in this chapter, we assess the risks caused by the primary mining of gold and discuss mitigation routes involving various factors.