Plastic pollution is a global concern that has recently attracted considerable attention. One type of plastic pollution that has received attention is microplastic (MPs—small plastic particles measuring <5mm). MPs can accumulate in the environment and pose a threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, as well as human health. The low biodegradable properties of MPs make them persistent. These MPs can get adsorbed into the plant's roots and travel through the food chain. Therefore, removing MPs from environmental matrices like soil, water, and sediments is needed to stop the circulation of the MPs in the food chain. Microbial degradation is an effective method to reduce the MPs concentration from the environments. Microbial degradation of different forms of MP is possible with the application of bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, B. gottheilii, and fungi such as Aspergillus niger and B. adusta. There are many physical factors such as pH and temperature that influence the microbial degradation processes. Microbial degradation is a cost-effective, environment friendly, and polymer-specific process that uses different microbes and microbial enzymes and chemicals. In this context, the present study will summarize the existing knowledge on microbial degradation of MPs.