The advent of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) technology has ushered in a new era of wireless communication, promising unprecedented capabilities and opportunities. However, implementing RIS-based wireless communication systems raise significant security and privacy concerns. This work delves into the multifaceted landscape of privacy and security issues associated with RIS deployments. Privacy concerns stem from the manipulation of wireless signals, raising issues of data leakage, location privacy, user profiling, and surveillance. In parallel, security challenges encompass unauthorized access, data tampering, signal jamming, physical infrastructure vulnerabilities, and regulatory compliance issues. Addressing these issues requires robust encryption, authentication mechanisms, intrusion detection, rigorous privacy and security regulations adherence. This research outlines a comprehensive strategy for various attacks and threats, ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and availability in RIS-enabled networks. Additionally, the topic of physical layer security for RIS-assisted networks is being addressed. Incorporating physical layer security measures into RIS deployments enhances the confidentiality and integrity of wireless communication, making it more resilient against eavesdropping and unauthorized access. Multiple challenges are identified for future research to fully utilize the benefits of the IRS in physical layer security and covert communications. This chapter offers insights into the evolving domain of RIS, shedding light on the imperative need to balance its transformative potential with protecting individual privacy and system security.