Averaged State-Space Analysis of Single-Phase Vienna Rectifier
Yadav V.K., Kumar P., Sinha A.P., Singh A.P.
Conference paper, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2025, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
Conventional rectifier systems often face complexities in both control and modeling. In contrast, the single-phase Vienna rectifier simplifies power conversion control and offers more straightforward implementation. However, due to the time-varying nature of the input signal, the steady-state operating point of the converter also varies, making the modeling process more difficult. To address this challenge, the average state-space model is further averaged over a half-line cycle, allowing for a steady-state representation of the input. This paper develops an averaged state-space model for the single-phase Vienna rectifier, derives the corresponding transfer function, and presents its Bode plot for analysis. The resulting model provides better insight into the system’s dynamic behavior. It also serves as a foundation for controller design and performance evaluation. This approach enhances the accuracy of the small-signal model and supports robust control strategies. The methodology can be extended to analyze other AC-DC converter topologies with similar characteristics.
Control System Design for Battery Electric Railway Tower Car
Yadav V.K., Kumar P., Jakhar A., Edpuganti A., Bajpai P.
Conference paper, 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2025, 2025, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This paper presents a control system design for a battery electric tower car (BETC) equipped with a dc traction motor to replace the existing power pack of the diesel-electric tower car of Indian Railways to reduce CO2 emissions and enhance the performance and efficiency of the system. Also, a systematic method to estimate the size of the battery is presented. This configuration optimizes energy utilization by leveraging the fast power delivery of the batteries, ensuring a continuous and reliable power supply under various operating conditions. The system incorporates an efficient controlled algorithm for precise speed and dc-link voltage regulation with dc-dc buck-boost and bidirectional converters, respectively, resulting in smooth acceleration and enhanced system efficiency. The control system and architecture for the BETC are verified through the MATLAB/Simulink environment for a 10 kW system.
Experimentally Validated PIλ Controller and Modelling of DC Servo-motor for Industry Applications
Kumar P., Prajapati A.K., Mohan H., Yadav V.K., Kumar M.
Conference paper, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2025, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This study presents the development of a fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) controller and the modelling of a DC servo-system designed for the industrial applications. The servo-motor and the modular servo-system (MS150-MK3) have been simulated and the FOPI controller has been verified for this system. The examination of several elements of the modular servo-system is demonstrated. In addition, the performance of the proposed controller for the modelled system is evaluated by considering several transient response characteristics, including overshoot, steady-state error, and delay time. The stability of the suggested controller has been evaluated by testing it with various gain values. Finally, numerous PI controllers have also been evaluated and tested experimentally, demonstrating significantly improved results.
ANN Development and Testing for Fault Detection, Classification, and Location in Solar Array
Kumar P., Yadav V.K., Rai S., Kundu J., Sen S.
Conference paper, 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition Asia: Shaping a Greener Future with Power Electronics, ECCE-Asia 2025, 2025, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This digest introduces an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based solution for real-time monitoring and diagnostics of solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays, emphasizing the importance of fault detection, classification, and location in enhancing the reliability, performance, and safety of PV systems. The proposed system identifies and categorizes faults such as short circuits, open circuits, partial shading, and module degradation by analyzing electrical parameters like voltage, current, and power output under varying environmental conditions. Additionally, it accurately pinpoints fault locations, enabling swift corrective actions. By leveraging machine learning, the ANN model effectively identifies complex fault patterns, surpassing traditional thresholdbased techniques. This advanced fault diagnostic approach plays a crucial role in optimizing solar PV systems, promoting their sustainability and reliability as a renewable energy source.
Design, Analysis and Operation of a Long-primary Short-secondary TF-DSLIM
Kumar P., Kundu J., Kumar P., Yadav V.K., Srivastava R.K.
Conference paper, 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition Asia: Shaping a Greener Future with Power Electronics, ECCE-Asia 2025, 2025, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
The detailed analysis of a transverse flux double-sided linear induction motor (TF-DSLIM) has been highlighted in this paper. The validation and testing are done successfully. The thrust force and attraction force have been evaluated through 3D finite element analysis (FEM). Therefore the test results are carried out. Motion analysis and force characteristics have been simulated. A block feeding control technique for the long primary double-sided linear induction motor has been also tried to implement. The primary of DSLIM is divided into many modules and each module will operate when the secondary will enter in it. The moving force, normal force, losses in the stator and the mover have been evaluated. Each component of the DS-LIM e.g., solid stator E-core, moving plate and the winding orientation are designed carefully. The machine has been tested at different voltages and frequencies with a constant current to meet the thrust demand.
Powertrain Architecture and Control System Design for Overhead Line and Battery Powered Railway Tower Car
Kumar P., Bajpai P., Yadav V.K., Edpuganti A., Priya R.P.
Conference paper, 2025 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition Asia: Shaping a Greener Future with Power Electronics, ECCE-Asia 2025, 2025, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This work presents a powertrain architecture and control system design of a hybrid electric tower car (HETC), which is powered by overhead electric (OHE) line and battery energy storage systems (BESS). The main goal is to provide an alternative solution to diesel electric tower cars (DETC) used by Indian Railways and reduce CO2 emissions. The proposed HETC operates on BESS alone, allowing essential services like maintaining overhead equipment and tracks. Also, the system facilitates regenerative braking, a feature not available in existing DETCs; this redirects recovered energy towards the battery or OHE line, thereby augmenting the overall energy efficiency. A control algorithm has been developed to utilize OHE and BESS for powering tower car in all possible operating conditions with operational flexibility and smooth transition between all operating modes. The performance of the proposed control strategy is validated using simulation studies done using MATLAB Simulink model.
Hybrid Energy Storage-Based Power Management Strategy for Stand-alone DC Microgrid
Krishnakant, Dolma C., Kumar P., Bajpai P.
Conference paper, International Conference on Power Systems, ICPS, 2025, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
The growing emphasis on clean and sustainable energy leads towards the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the microgrid. To address the intermittency of RESs, it is essential to integrate hybrid energy storage systems, such as battery energy storage systems (BESS) and emerging hydrogen storage technology powered by fuel cells (FC), into the microgrid. This paper proposes a power management strategy (PMS) for a stand-alone DC microgrid that integrates solar photovoltaic (PV) systems as the primary source, BESS as the primary back-up, and FC as the secondary back-up. In this work, a control strategy is developed to regulate the DC link voltage of the microgrid. This paper presents a simulation study to evaluate the performance of PMS under three different scenarios comprising all possible cases. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed PMS with a control strategy, an experimental study is also carried out for a stand-alone DC microgrid comprising the hybrid energy storage. For this study, field data of residential load demand profile, solar irradiance, and ambient temperature are considered.
A Robust Performance Analysis of an Adaptive PID Controller Used for a Solar PV-Battery Powered Off-Grid Microgrid for Irrigation Purposes
Kumar M., Sen S., Ajayan J., Kumar P.
Conference paper, 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SEFET 2024, 2024, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This paper proposes a robust performance analysis for irrigation-based small communities. For this purpose, a green supply system is under consideration with solar photovoltaic (SPV) and Battery storage system (BSS) as the sources of energy. The study is carried out for the Roorkee area situated in the Uttarakhand state of India. The water requirement for the major produced crop in the Roorkee area (wheat) is about 2500m3 to 3500m3 for 4 months per hectare area. Therefore, the SPV system and the battery storage system are sized for the water pumping requirements per hectare. For system sizing, the per-day water requirements are considered. The output voltage of the inverter connected to the SPV system is controlled through the adaptive PID (APID) controller. The single-phase induction motor is connected as a load to the supply system. The solar irradiance corresponds to the considered geographical location (coordinates 29.8543° N, 77.8880° E) is applied for the simulation on MATLAB/SIMULINK®environment. The BSS is considered with a two-day autonomy. The controller's performance is evaluated and examined through performance indices. For this purpose integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), integral time absolute error (ITAE), and integral time square error (ITSE) are obtained. It is observed that the proposed adaptive PID controller shows a comprehensively well transient and steady-state performance compared to the conventional fixed gain PID controller under different system operating conditions.
An Integrated Approach for Fault Detection, Classification and Location in Solar PV Array
Rai S., Kumar P., Bajpai P.
Conference paper, 2023 10th IEEE International Conference on Power Systems, ICPS 2023, 2023, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
World is adapting sustainable energy solutions to the mainstream power grid and solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is becoming one of the most prominent sources of energy. The generation of solar PV energy is entirely dependent on climate and weather conditions. Often, a solar PV plant is exposed to extreme environmental conditions. These conditions can result in a variety of faults that can disrupt their energy yield. This paper proposes an integrated approach for detecting electrical faults in solar PV plants in real time onload condition, classifying those faults, and precisely locating the faulty PV panel. The proposed method is tested using field data for faults like open circuit, short circuit as well as partial shading and degradation. The proposed approach is integrated and uses the trained ANN model based on field data. This makes the proposed method accurate and precise as well as appropriate for IoT-based applications.
Enhanced Energy Flow Strategy using Fuzzy-FOPI Controller for a Hybrid Energy Storage based Stand-alone DC Microgrid
Kumar P., Krishnakant, Bajpai P.
Conference paper, 2023 10th IEEE International Conference on Power Systems, ICPS 2023, 2023, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
Standalone microgrids utilize renewable energy sources with energy storage devices (ESDs) to supply high-quality power to the load. In this work, a stand-alone DC microgrid is considered, where solar PV is the primary source with battery, fuel cell and supercapacitor as ESDs. Unique characteristics of different ESDs are utilized together in the form of a hybrid energy storage system. It is challenging to distribute and balance the power among source, storage and load together. Therefore, an enhanced energy management system (EMS) for hybrid energy storage-based microgrids is presented with an effective controller to regulate the DC link voltage. A fuzzy-fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller is proposed, and a comparative analysis with FOPI and PI controllers is carried out to illustrate the significance of the proposed controller. The simulation study is carried out using the field data for solar irradiance and load profile as well.
Sequence-Based Hybrid Technique for Islanding Detection for Microgrid with RES
Kumar P., Kumar V., Tyagi B.
Article, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
In this work, the detection of islanding of a microgrid having different types of RES (DGs) has been presented. It proposes a technique that uses two new developed criteria; 1) Discrimination factor of islanding (DFI) and 2) superimposed angle of positive sequence impedance (Delta {phi{1Z}}), for the true discrimination between islanding and non-islanding events (NIEs). The technique utilizes the developed criteria in hybridization to complement each other. The efficacy of the proposed hybrid technique has been tested on a 7-bus microgrid test system for illustration and has also been verified on a modified IEEE 34 bus system. All the simulations have been carried out in the RTDS/RSCAD environment. The proposed technique distinguishes the islanding from NIEs in the 9 ms even at the 0% power mismatch; therefore, restricts the undesirable tripping due to the various kinds of non-islanding events. The islanding has been determined considering each type of DGs as targeted distributed generator (DG) in various cases. A comparison of the obtained results has also been performed with the existing methods to show the superiority of the proposed technique. The effects of quality factor of load, sampling frequency and noise have also been studied.
Experimental Validation of PI Controllers and Modelling of DC Servo Motor by FOPDT Model
Kumar P., Kumar V., Tyagi B.
Conference paper, PESGRE 2022 - IEEE International Conference on "Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy", 2022, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This work proposes the modeling of the DC servo motor by FOPDT model. The experimental validations of the proposed model for the various PI controllers have been carried out. The analysis of different components of the modular servo system has also been stated. Various transient responses like overshoot, steady-state error, delay time, etc., have been considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. In the last, the results that were obtained from the experimental setup have been discussed.
PV Modelling and Fuzzy PI Control of Stand Alone Photovoltaic with Battery Storage Backup
Kumar P., Kumar V., Tyagi B.
Conference paper, 2022 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics and IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its Control, PARC 2022, 2022, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This article proposes a fuzzy-PI controller for controlling the DC link voltage of a stand-Alone microgrid test system. Within this work, the mathematical modelling of PV is determined to assess the P-V and I-V characteristics of PV. The MPPT controller is utilized Perturb Observe algorithm to generate the maximum power of PV. The proposed controller is simulated for the five various operating cases. The results which are obtained by the proposed controller is compared with the existing method.
Performance of modern industrial plants with renewable power generation: A comprehensive system analysis
Kumar M., Singh G., Kumar P., Mohan H.
Book chapter, Power Electronics for Next-Generation Drives and Energy Systems, 2022, DOI Link
Novel SVM based Islanding Detection Technique for Microgrid with Load Uncertainties
Kumar P., Kumar A., Praveen P., Tyagi B., Kumar V.
Conference paper, 2022 IEEE IAS Global Conference on Emerging Technologies, GlobConET 2022, 2022, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This work proposes a new SVM based islanding detection technique for the microgrid. Considering the ineffectiveness of Vector Surge (VS) Relays to detect islanding under low mismatch of active power, there is a requirement for a new cost-effective islanding detection technique. In this work, a robust data-based model is designed for efficient islanding detection in case of a low mismatch of active power. Accuracy and algorithmic complexity are the two main issues that are needed to be dealt with when data-based models are considered. The work in this paper achieves higher accuracy for islanding detection using a model of reduced complexity. Firstly, multiple features are extracted from continuous waveforms, and then the new features with reduced dimensionality are created using them. Finally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is trained to perform the islanding detection using these new features. The SVM based islanding detection model thus obtained is tested against the new test cases to analyze the robustness of the model in detecting islanding conditions under different mismatches of active power.
A Novel Islanding Detection Technique Based on Event Index Value for Reconfigurable Microgrid
Kumar P., Kumar V., Tyagi B.
Article, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2021, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This article presents an islanding detection technique based on event index value, which is derived from the superimposed components of sequence impedance with the consideration of all the operating configurations of the microgrid. Voltage and current signals are acquired at the terminal of distributed generators to compute the impedance. The proposed technique successfully discriminates the islanding, and non-islanding events (NIE) under different operating conditions, including zero power mismatch, and hence eliminates the non-detection zone and unwanted tripping due to the various types of NIEs. The detection was performed within half cycle for all the conditions. The proposed technique has been illustrated on a 7-bus reconfigurable microgrid test system. A large number of non-islanding and islanding events have been simulated for a range of power mismatches. The proposed technique has also been verified on the modified IEEE 34-bus system. The obtained results have been compared with the existing techniques reported in the literature, which proves the supremacy of the proposed technique. The effects of sampling frequency and noise have also been studied.
Islanding detection for reconfigurable microgrid with RES
Kumar P., Kumar V., Tyagi B.
Article, IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2021, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
This paper proposes a new islanding detection technique based on the superimposed angle of negative sequence impedance. The proposed technique is designed with the presence of different types of RES (renewable energy sources) in the system. The proposed technique discriminates the islanding events from non-islanding events even at 0% power mismatch. It detects the islanding events within a half-cycle even at the zero power mismatch and also restricts the undesirable tripping due to the several kinds of non-islanding events. The technique is also able to detect islanding under network reconfiguration. For the range of power mismatches, extensive cases of islanding and non-islanding events have been simulated. The technique has been illustrated on a 7-bus reconfigurable microgrid test system with different types of RES in the (RTDS/RSCAD) environment. In this work, islanding has been determined considering each type of RES as targeted DG. The technique has also been demonstrated on a modified IEEE-34 bus system. A comparison of the obtained results has also been performed.
Detection of islanding for microgrid based on discrimination factor of islanding
Kumar P., Kumar V., Tyagi B.
Conference paper, 2020 21st National Power Systems Conference, NPSC 2020, 2020, DOI Link
View abstract ⏷
The present work proposes an islanding identification scheme based on the discriminating factor of islanding (DFI) extracted by the superimposed angle of impedance. The suggested methodology effectively identifies islanding within half of the cycle, discriminates islanding events (IEs) from non-islanding events (NIEs) at 0% power mismatch (PM), and unnecessary tripping due to different forms of NIEs. A significant figure of IEs and NIEs have been tested across a wide assortment of PM on 7 bus microgrid test systems. Within this work, three separate cases (I, II, and III) are addressed. In the last, the results that were obtained from the proposed methodology is compared.
