Abstract
Electronic waste is rapid growing concern that is gaining prominence, escalating at an alarming rate of 3–5% annually, which surpasses the growth of any other waste category within the solid waste sector. E-waste is laden with perilous elements, including toxic metals and persistent organic pollutants, juxtaposed with valuable metals of significant economic value. This predicament mandates urgent innovative efforts from environmental agencies to formulate responsible strategies for E-waste management. Numerous studies underscore the grave consequences of improper E-waste recycling techniques, ranging from severe environmental degradation to potential health hazards for humans, owing to the presence of hazardous materials. Consequently, there is an imperative need for the development of appropriate methods to recover metals from E-waste. Several techniques such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, bio metallurgy, and hybrid methods have been explored. The recovery of metals helps in safeguarding the environment from perilous waste but also bridges the demand–supply gap of metals. Furthermore, it offers potential avenues for livelihoods and business opportunities. The shift from open dumping and informal electronic waste recycling to cutting-edge technology and environmentally friendly practices, all meticulously monitored, is essential. To curtail environmental pollution and promote resource reuse, various legislative frameworks have been instituted to standardize the management and upcycling of E-waste. Recycling metals from electronic waste significantly eases the strain on the global metal supply. This book chapter aims to delineate the precise management of hazardous items and substances classified as waste, delving into potential prospects, strategies, and limitations for enhanced E-waste management. The chapter will explore an array of innovative solutions capable of guiding individuals, businesses, supply chains, and communities towards a more sustainable future.