Magnetostatic fluid flow analysis for enhanced printability of PCL-based bio-inks in 3D bioprinting

Publications

Magnetostatic fluid flow analysis for enhanced printability of PCL-based bio-inks in 3D bioprinting

Author : Dr Manjesh Kumar

Year : 2025

Publisher : Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l.

Source Title : International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing

Document Type :

Abstract

Bioprinting faces key challenges in achieving smooth extrusion and structural precision, especially with Polycaprolactone (PCL)-based bio-inks. Traditional approaches often fail to dynamically control flow behavior, leading to inconsistencies in scaffold quality. This study introduces a magnetostatic fluid flow approach using COMSOL Multiphysics to enhance printability by integrating a 1 Tesla magnetic field to influence bio-ink flow dynamics. The objective was to investigate how magnetic flux density (MFD) impacts pressure, velocity, and particle alignment within the nozzle. Simulations were conducted with varying magnet placements (0.8 mm to 1.4 mm from the nozzle center), revealing optimal results at 1 mm due to the close arrangement of magnets towards the nozzle. Magnetic control achieved a maximum velocity of 6.4 m/s and improved pressure uniformity, shear stress, and turbulence compared to non-magnetic conditions. Experimental validation is performed using a Gaussmeter to observe the MFD distribution, and it closely aligns with the simulation results with minimal error. Quantitatively, velocity improved by up to 27%, and pressure fluctuation was significantly reduced. These findings demonstrate the magnetic field’s role in optimizing extrusion and enhancing the integrity of the scaffold. However, to observe the real flow behaviour of bio-ink, rheological and mechanical strength validation is required. This magnetostatic technique offers a promising direction for precise, reproducible bioprinting, with future recommendations including biological corroboration and field strength optimization for broader biomedical applications.