This paper examines the representation of women’s bodies within the framework of Bāul philosophy, focusing on its spiritual, cultural, and gender dynamics. The primary objective is to explore how Bāul songs and literature depict the female body as both a medium for spiritual liberation and a site of societal control. Through critical engagement with theories from Foucault, Butler, Irigaray, Spivak, and de Beauvoir, the study analyzes the duality of women’s bodies being symbolized as empowering yet objectified in Bāul tradition. The research also addresses the subversive or reinforcing nature of patriarchal structures in these representations. By comparing Bāul with other South Asian mystic traditions, the paper offers insights into the intersection of gender, spirituality, and body politics while highlighting the contemporary relevance of these themes within feminist discourses.

This paper delves into an in-depth exploration of Lalon’s conceptualisation of ‘Moner Manush’, transcending the conventional confines of ‘Jaat’ (caste) and Dharma (religion). Through a nuanced analysis of Lalon’s evolving perspectives, the study traces the transformative journey of the idea of ‘Moner Manush’. By dissecting the lyrical and philosophical aspects, the paper illuminates how Lalon’s spiritual musings challenge societal norms, promoting a universal ethos that goes beyond distinctions. This inquiry aims to unravel the evolving nature of Lalon’s concept of ‘Moner Manush’ and its enduring significance in fostering inclusivity and spiritual interconnectedness, surpassing the limitations of caste and religion.

The Bhakti Movement of India was enlightened by the involvement of many canonical luminaries, whose mission and vision not only helped the movement encompass the diverse Indian culture, but also strengthened the core aspect of the philosophy of the country. Among those great luminaries, Mirabai is considered to be the best-known and the most cherished. Her bhajans (devotional songs) are powerful enough to inaugurate a new trend in the way of worshipping the Supreme Lord. They are celebrated worldwide for their soothing melody, charming tune, and passionate expression of her complete devotion to Lord Krishna. In fact, through her bhajans, Mirabai gives an important message: it is pure devotion to the Lord that will bring relief to the jivas (beings) by transposing them from this world of finite to the realm of infinite.