Abstract
Currently, water sources across the world are highly contaminated by pollution with heavy-metal contaminants, synthetic dyes, and other hazardous materials emitted by large industries rather than usual domestic waste. This contamination requires sufficient control for the protection of natural water bodies. There are numerous methodologies for treating wastewater, including nanotechnology. In the past few decades, nanotechnology has drawn extensive consideration, and different nanomaterials have already been utilized for water remediation. Nanomaterials open up enormous opportunities for implementation in industrial wastewater treatment areas. As nanotechnology is continually evolving, its use is becoming unavoidable in water and wastewater treatment. Two-dimensional (2D) nanoporous materials are deemed acceptable replacements for current water purification technologies, because of their atomically thin structures, large surface areas, and excellent mechanical strength. Recent progress in the manufacture of nanoporous graphene-centered materials has provided enormous opportunities for water purification technologies. The importance of unique graphene composites and their chemical properties is deemed significant in various fields. Extensive studies of the adsorbent properties of graphene have led to the development of technologies for the use of graphene and graphene oxide in wastewater treatment. This chapter addresses the problems impacting 2D nanostructures for water purification and explores their water purification applications. Although only a few 2D materials have been investigated so far for water treatment applications, this new area of technology is likely to draw significant interest in the immediate future.
