Despite the fact that mining activities are necessary for economic growth, it is imperative that the health hazards connected with them be reduced. The extent to which several factors influence the healthcare cost and health status of the local community in mining locations remains poorly understood. Thus, this article aims to determine the factors that cause a high amount of health expenditure and identify the socio-demographic and economic reasons behind the respiratory illness (RIs) in six mining villages in Talcher coalfield of Odisha. The analysis used estimation techniques like descriptive statistics, ordinary least square (OLS) regression and Probit method. The findings of this article revealed that social infrastructure, such as education of the household head, age group, gender and social categories, along with economic condition, have a significant role in affecting the volume of health expenditure. The findings also highlighted the importance of the socio-demographic indicators for a high level of RIs in this location. Therefore, policymakers need to focus on the health infrastructure and socio-demographic and economic backgrounds in the mining areas to improve proper healthcare utilisation in the mining villages.

In this research, the direct and indirect effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India are examined, covering the period from 1980 to 2014. To quantify the indirect outcome of the existence of FDI on CO2 emissions, in this study, the three mediating channels of FDI are considered. The three broad mediating channels of FDI inflows are energy structure, industrial structure, and high-carbon technology, by which foreign direct investments affect India’s carbon dioxide emissions. In this study, the unit root test, the Johansen cointegration, the Granger causality technique, and the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) are used for the empirical analysis. The findings discover a process of cointegration in the long-run and reveal unidirectional causation between FDI inflows and CO2 emissions. The outcomes of the SUR estimation indicate that all the mediating factors substantially contribute to the level of CO2 emissions. In this paper, the findings reveal that FDI inflows affect the level of India’s CO2 emissions mainly via mediating factors compared to their direct effect. Finally, in this research, it is recommended that the concerned authorities should prioritize the redistribution of foreign direct investment from high carbon-intensive technologies to less carbon-intensive and cleaner technologies for India’s carbonless and sustainable future.

Technical progress has a tremendous potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by reducing energy consumption, a major concern across production units. However, the existing empirical literature concerning technical efficiency and carbon intensity is scanty. Thus, this paper examines the relationship between technical efficiency and carbon intensity for the organized manufacturing sector of two states, Maharashtra and Odisha, and the all-India level from 2001 to 2018. The paper uses data envelopment analysis to estimate technical efficiency scores. It applies the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 methodology for estimating carbon intensity for each 3-digit manufacturing industry in all three sample cases. The study has used static panel regression and fractional logit regression techniques to examine the deterministic relationship between technical efficiency and carbon intensity. The result shows that technical efficiency is highly sensitive to carbon intensity in the Indian manufacturing industries. The findings also addressed that the size of the industries also reduces the technical performance of manufacturing units. This paper also confirmed that increased profit could boost the Indian manufacturing industries’ technical efficiency. Thus, this study addresses that carbon intensity as a proxy for the manufacturing sector’s potential to affect climate change plays a crucial role in explaining the technical efficiency variations across industries. Thus, it calls for better policies aimed at reducing the emissions of industries specifically to achieve sustainable growth for the Indian manufacturing sector.

The contemporary world faces several energy problems and struggles to balance sustainable energy and steady industrial development. In this context, the existing energy efficiency studies have not unfolded the mysteries surrounding the industrial units' energy-saving potential and the key determinants and impacts of the manufacturing units’ energy efficiency levels. Therefore, there is a need to comprehensively study the existing energy efficiency studies and clarify the above. Considering two databases, Scopus and Web of Science, the study uses bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review to analyze the current energy efficiency literature. The bibliometric analysis is based on 619 published papers and assesses the existing energy efficiency literature to ascertain the evolution of energy efficiency studies from 2001 to 2022. This investigation adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) framework for a systematic review of ninety-three relevant papers from the existing energy efficiency literature. The systematic literature review (SLR) highlights twenty-seven theories discussed in several dimensions of the environmental and industrial linkages in the manufacturing sector. Subsequently, the study identifies energy efficiency measures and the associated methodological issues. Next, the study addresses the available set of determinants and the impacts of energy efficiency performance on manufacturing industries across the globe. It explores the potential research gap in the existing studies. Finally, the concluding remarks, discusses several policy implications, and suggests avenues for future research in the direction of theory, context, and methodology in energy efficiency domain.

This study examines the nexus among productivity, export, and flow of outward FDI among 23 categories of two-digit Indian manufacturing industries during the period of 2008–2016. For the empirical purpose, this study employs a panel ARDL-PMG method for cointegration and VECM Granger causality tests. We segregate 23 manufacturing industries into high, medium, and low productive groups based on their productivity performance, which is estimated by Levinsohn-Petrin (2003) productivity procedure. We find that the long-run and short-run relationship among these three variables varies across three groups. Further, there is a long-run and strong causality exists among the three core variables in all three categories irrespective of their variance in productivity performances. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive and unified industrial policy in line with trade and FDI as the choice variables are well-connected in the long-run.

To examine the disparity in distributional inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), the study uses Theil index as a statistical tool to verify the skewed distribution across the regions in India and confirm the same with its decomposition scores. In order to investigate the causes of such unequal distribution of FDI inflows in India, this study uses the system GMM model for 16 regional groups from 2004 to 2015 time period. With a special concern to the region-specific factors and the agglomeration effect, the uneven dummy variables are also used to capture the inequality in FDI inflow across the regions. Our findings confirm the significant role of each of them in pocketing a major chunk of FDI inflows by a few regions. To recommend the policymakers, the present study proposes a balanced growth perspective and a comprehensive framework mitigating labour reforms, industrial productivity and FDI policy.

The sustenance of a clean, natural, and relatively less tampered environment is one of the most important apprehensions of contemporary households, firms, and governments in the globalized world. Both developing and developed countries rely heavily on foreign direct investments (FDI) and institutional arrangements for economic prosperity and have feedback repercussions about environmental quality. Thus, the current paper attempts to explore such a triplex integrated linkage among bilateral FDI, institutional quality, and environmental quality proxied by CO2 emissions intensity on each other for 19 selected G20 countries during 2009–2017. The empirical estimation of this paper takes into account three equations that jointly address the endogeneity problem by employing both static (such as seemingly unrelated regression and three-stage least square) and dynamic simultaneous econometric techniques (such as the system generalized method of moments) with a panel dataset considering host and source countries with 342-panel pairs for the selected sample time. The empirical results confirm that bilateral FDI reduces CO2 emission intensity and strengthens the institutional quality of G20. It also supports the idea that institutional quality has a favorable and considerable impact on bilateral FDI. This paper confirms a positive and considerable feedback between environmental and institutional quality. Further, this study establishes a triplex relationship between these three factors. This study argues that governments should use incentives like tax cuts and additional subsidies to promote greener FDI in G20 nations. This is because it facilitates the employment of more modern technology and clean energy-efficient technologies to minimize emissions and spur economic growth.