Abstract
This study comprehensively examined the structural, optical, and dielectric properties of Pb3O4-Bi2O3-B2O3 glass-ceramics, doped with varying Ag2O concentrations. XRD and SEM analyses revealed the embedding of non-centrosymmetric Ag2BiO3 ferroelectric crystals (0.6–1.0 μm), whose properties are modeled using GGA and LDA approximations within the Pnn2 space group, aligning with experimental data. XPS highlights the presence of Ag⁺/Ag⁰ and Bi³⁺/Bi⁵⁺ states, while FTIR spectroscopy indicates increasing structural disorder with up to 0.2 mol% Ag2O. Optical absorption identifies Ag⁺-Ag⁰ pairs, and dielectric measurements show an increase in permittivity and a.c. conductivity, with impedance decreasing up to 0.2 mol% Ag2O. Notably, 0.2 mol% Ag2O optimizes structural reorganization and dielectric performance, enhancing the material’s suitability for spin-orbitronics, optoelectronics, and solid-state batteries. The findings establish these glass-ceramics as next-generation materials for advanced technological applications.
