Abstract
Rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are capable candidates for next generation high performance devices including long-range electric vehicles. Historically, most of the commercialized battery technologies consist of various carbonaceous materials, and Li-S batteries are no exception. This technology has received significant interest for the last 30 years after the development of sulfur-carbon composite cathode in which carbon played crucial roles in ensuring electrical conductivity and confinement of the active material. The main focus of the Li-S battery cathode design involves engineering carbon materials of required electrical, morphological, textural, chemical, and other functional properties to enable the efficient utilization of the sulfur-based cathode, which is covered in the first part of this chapter. Furthermore, as reviewed in the second part of the chapter, the application of carbon, either as an anode material or as a component of lithium-based anodes, results in the development of safer and high-energy density Li-ion sulfur batteries.
