Abstract
Energy-efficient computing is a much needed technological advantage for future. Approximate or inexact computing is a computing paradigm that can trade energy and computing time with accuracy of output. Recent years have seen a lot of researches in industry as well as academia. The aim of these researches is to fruitfully realize the dream of a greener and energy-efficient computing era. This paper presents a comprehensive and concise survey of the current research trends and contributions in energy-efficient computing from computational point of view. Recent developments in approximate computing hardware, software and approximate data communication have also been discussed in this article.