Gold-based nanoantenna design using golden ratio optimization for in-vivo communication at terahertz frequency
Dr Anirban Ghosh, Dr Manjula R, Mr Bhagwati Sharan, Sindhu Hak Gupta|Asmita Rajawat|Raja Datta
Source Title: Nano Communication Networks, Quartile: Q1
View abstract ⏷
A novel microstrip patch antenna of size 210 × 205 × 22 ?m3 operating in the terahertz band is proposed. We then perform optimization of the proposed antenna using the Golden Ratio technique to realize an antenna with reduced dimensions and better performance. The optimized nanoantenna has reduced dimensions of 120 × 160 × 14 ?m3 ( ? 71.61 % reduction in volume); improved return loss S11 ( < -45.43 dB); gain ( > 5.29 dBi), and bandwidth (156.9 GHz i.e., 45% more). The results are validated through an equivalent circuit model (ECM) in Advanced Design System (ADS), demonstrating good agreement with the CST Studio results. Next, a human heart-phantom model has been created and tested for each designed scenario. It examines the interactions between the heart tissues and the proposed antenna, and it identifies the substrate material that performs the best. The results show that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material performs better than other substrates. Additionally, the research includes an analysis of the link budget of terahertz channels in the intrabody nanocommunication networksa bio-medical application. The findings indicate the feasibility of using nanoantennas for practical in-vivo nanocommunications
An IoBNT-Driven Framework for Non-Invasive Cardiac Diagnostics Using Optical Scattering and Machine Learning
Dr Manjula R, Kota Sreya, Dr Manjula R
Source Title: Introduction to Future Wireless Communications Systems Technologies,
Analysis and COMSOL-Based Simulation of THz Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Cardiac Tissues for Internet of Bio Nano Things
Dr Manjula R, Krishna Sravanth Vanapalli, Venkata Baba Sai Abhi Ram Sannidhi, Nikhilesh Sai Santosh Tadivada, Kavya Gottipati, Dr Manjula R, Anirban Ghosh
Source Title: Introduction to Future Wireless Communications Systems Technologies,
Terahertz and Microwave Signal Behaviour in Heart Tissues: Toward Nano-Biomedical Diagnostic Systems
Dr Manjula R, Dr Manjula R, Sai Kusum Sarayu, Sai Shruthi, Samaya, Tarun
Source Title: 20th IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC),
Metamaterial inspired axe-shaped terahertz patch antenna design: a tool for early skin cancer detection
Source Title: Optical and Quantum Electronics,
View abstract ⏷
Skin cancer involves abnormal growth of skin cells, typically caused by ultraviolet radiation exposure. Timely and accurate detection is essential to mitigate significant health risks and ensure effective treatment. This paper proposes a nanoantenna to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities for skin cancer detection. These antennas, emitting electromagnetic waves in the terahertz band (0.110 THz), improve integration for miniaturized wireless systems and serve as a foundation for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). We design a miniaturized, metamaterial-inspired gold-patch axe-shaped nanoantenna (), implemented in CST Studio Software. The antenna resonates at 1.152 THz, with a very low return loss (dB), a gain of 2.42 dBi, and a bandwidth of 40 GHz. The proposed antenna can be used as a sensor, considering the S11 spectra as a key parameter to differentiate between normal and cancerous skin (i.e., basal cell carcinoma). The simulation demonstrates significant and quantifiable differences between normal and cancerous skin and also highlights the proposed antennas suitability for applications such as radar systems, satellite communications, and advanced measurement technologies.
A Terahertz Split Ring Resonator Nanosensor for Cardiac Biomarker Detection,
Dr Manjula R, Mr Bhagwati Sharan, Mr Bhagwati Sharan, H. Elayan, A. Ghosh, R. Datta, J. M. Jornet and Dr Manjula R,
Source Title: IEEE Sensors Journal, Quartile: Q1
View abstract ⏷
Abstract—This article presents a terahertz (THz) metamaterial-based nanosensor employing a split ring resonator (SRR) for the detection of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a cardiac biomarker released in response to increased myocardial pressure and volume overload in the heart. The sensor is designed and simulated in CST Studio to enable real-time detection via changes in the refractive index of NT-proBNP associated with cardiac abnormalities. Validation is performed through equivalent circuit modeling (ECM) using the Advanced Design System (ADS). The nanosensor achieves a sensitivity of 1460 GHz/RIU, a Q-factor of 22.06, and a figure of merit (FOM) of 41.71. Assuming minimally invasive placement in the pericardium, signal attenuation is modeled using a path-loss framework that accounts for the serous and fibrous pericardial layers. Transmission line theory is applied to evaluate the intrinsic impedance, reflection coefficients, and attenuation characteristics of THz waves propagating through cardiac tissue. The model estimates the received power at a nanocontroller located at the fibrous layer and is validated using COMSOL Multiphysics. By leveraging refractive index variations induced by NT-proBNP, this nanosensor enables intrabody THz communication as a diagnostic modality. The platform is particularly suited for detecting conditions such as pericarditis, where biomarker fluctuations and pericardial thickening jointly modulate the THz signal.
High-Performance Multiband Terahertz Nanoantenna for Advanced Wireless Nanocommunications
Dr Manjula R, Mr Bhagwati Sharan, Mr Bhagwati Sharan , Dr Manjula R
Source Title: Engineering Research Express, Quartile: Q2
View abstract ⏷
This article presents a novel multiband, biocompatible MIMO nanoantenna forterahertz applications, designed to addressthe growing demand forfaster data transferratesin futurewireless nanocommunicationssystems. The design process beganwith a foundationalsingle-element antenna (157.12 × 184.40 × 11 μm3 ) constructed from a gold patch and ground on a PTFE substrate. Thisinitial element,resonating at 1.041, 1.602, 2.199, and 2.814 THz,wassubsequently expanded into a two-port MIMO structure (157.12 × 276.60 × 11 μm3 )to enhance channel capacity. The proposed MIMO nanoantenna operates nearly at the same frequencies asthe single-element nanoantenna. Still, it delivers better performance, achieving a significantly higher channel capacity (up to 1.163 Tbps at 1.044 THz) and gain (up to 9.06 dBi at 2.214 THz). Furthermore, the MIMO system demonstrates excellent diversity performance,with an ECCclose to zero and a consistently high DG of 9.999 dB—indicating effective signal fading mitigation and enhanced reliability. The proposed nanoantennas prove highly effective for multiband operations up to 3 THz, demonstrating significant potential for various advanced applications. These include low-power 6G communications, high-resolution terahertz imaging, in-vivo biomedicalsensing, and other high-speed nanoscale communication systems.
The effect of hop-count modification attack on random walk-based SLP schemes developed for WSNs: a study
Dr Manjula R, Dr Anirban Ghosh, Mr Chintabathini Praveen Kumar, Suleiman Samba|C N Shariff
Source Title: International Journal of Information Security, Quartile: Q1
View abstract ⏷
Source location privacy (SLP) has been of great concern in WSNs when deployed for habitat monitoring applications and is addressed by employing privacy-preserving routing schemes. However, in the existing works, the attacker is assumed to be passive in nature and backtracks to the source node by eavesdropping on the transmitted messages. The effectiveness of such SLP solutions when faced with an active attack is not yet known and is the purview of the current study. In this regard, we initially introduce a novel hybrid attacker model and then assess the impact of such a model on the location privacy performance of three existing time-to-live (TTL)-based random walk solutionsphantom routing scheme (PRS), source location privacy using randomized routes (SLP-R), and position-independent section-based scheme (PSSLP). The location privacy performance in terms of privacy metrics such as capture ratio, safety period, and entropy. It is observed that PSSLP is affected most by the proposed hybrid model with a 125% increase in capture ratio, 83.58%, and 17.36% respective reduction in safety period and entropy. The results indicate the importance and relevance of such attacks
Machine Learning Approach to Determine and Predict the Scattering Coefficients of Myocardium Tissue in the NIR Band for In-Vivo Communications – 6G Networks
Dr Manjula R, Dr Manjula R, Adi Vishnu Avula, Jawad Khan, Chiranjeevi Thota, Venkata Kavyanjali Munipalle, Sabita Langkam
Source Title: Edge-Enabled 6G Networking: Foundations, Technologies, and Applications,
Dielectric Characterization of Ovine Heart Tissues at Terahertz Frequencies via Machine Learning: A Use Case for in-vivo Wireless Nano-Communication
Dr Manjula R, Dr Manjula R, NSK Sarayu, N Sai Sruthi, D Samaya, K Tarun Teja, Sabita Langkam
Source Title: Edge-Enabled 6G Networking: Foundations, Technologies, and Applications,
Path Loss Prediction Using Machine Learning Models for in-vivo Wireless Nanosensor Networks in Cardiac Health Monitoring
Dr Ashu Abdul, Dr Manjula R, Parsh Jadon., Krishna Sharma., Venkatesh Sharma.,
Source Title: 19th International Conference on Information Assurance and Security (IAS 2023),
View abstract ⏷
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Position-independent and Section-based Source Location Privacy Protection in WSN
Dr Manjula R, Florence Mukamanzi., Tejodbhav Koduru., Raja Datta
Source Title: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Quartile: Q1
View abstract ⏷
Privacy of critical locations (or events) is essential when monitored by wireless sensor networks. To mitigate such issues, in this article, a new privacy protection technique named position-independent and section-based source location privacy (PSSLP) is developed. A biased random walk and greedy walk using a three- or four-phase routing strategy is employed here, where the number of phases depends on the network segment in which the source is situated. The biased random walk is intended to send packets away from the source of information and make routing paths appear dynamic to the eavesdropper, whereas, the greedy routing ensures that the packets converge at the base station. The objective of the solution is to achieve a uniform amount of privacy irrespective of the position of the asset in the network without compromising the network lifetime. Performance evaluation is done using developed analytical models and simulation results reveal that PSSLP achieves 8247.06- and 33.0- folds improvement in terms safety period and network lifetime, respectively, compared to no SLP protection technique (i.e., shortest path routing technique).
Analysis of THz Signal in Multi-layered Biological Tissues for in-vivo Communications: Heart Monitoring
Dr Manjula R, Mr Bhagwati Sharan, Raja Manjula, Anirban Ghosh, Mallampati Venkata Avinash, Kavya Lalitha P, Puli Venkata Sai Prudhvi Teja
Source Title: Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 2023). Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 1223,
A Total Randomized SLP-Preserving Technique with Improved Privacy and Lifetime in WSNs for IoT and the Impact of Radio Range on SLP
Dr Manjula R, Florence Mukamanzi., Raja Datta., Tejodbhav Koduru., Damien Hanyurwimfura., Mukanyiligira Didacienne
Source Title: Sensors, Quartile: Q1
View abstract ⏷
Enhanced source location privacy and prolonged network lifetime are imperative for WSNsthe skin of IoT. To address these issues, a novel technique named source location privacy with enhanced privacy and network lifetime (SLP-E) is proposed. It employs a reverse random walk followed by a walk on annular rings, to create divergent routing paths in the network, and finally, min-hop routing together with the walk on dynamic rings to send the packets to the base station (BS). The existing random walk-based SLP approaches have either focused on enhancing only privacy at the cost of network lifetime (NLT) or have aimed at improving the amount of privacy without degrading the network lifetime performance. Unlike these schemes, the objectives of the proposed work are to simultaneously improve the safety period and network lifetime along with achieving uniform privacy. This combination of improvements has not been considered so far in a single SLP random walk-based scheme. Additionally, this study investigates for the first time the impact of the sensors radio range on both privacy strength and network lifetime metrics in the context of SLP within WSNs. The performance measurements conducted using the proposed analytical models and the simulation results indicate an improvement in the safety period and network lifespan. The safety period in SLP-E increased by 26.5%, 97%, 123%, and 15.7% when compared with SLP-R, SRR, PRLPRW, and PSSLP techniques, respectively. Similarly, the network lifetime of SLP-E increased by 17.36%, 0.2%, 83.41%, and 13.42% when compared with SLP-R, SRR, PRLPRW, and PSSLP techniques, respectively. No matter where a source node is located within a network, the SLP-E provides uniform and improved privacy and network lifetime. Further, the simulation results demonstrate that the sensors radio range has an impact on the safety period, capture ratio, and the network lifetime.
Source location privacy in wireless sensor networks: What is the right choice of privacy metric?
Source Title: Wireless Networks, Quartile: Q1
View abstract ⏷
Today, communication between objects, machines, objects to machines and to humans is possible due to the Internet of Things (IoT). However, their applicability is restricted mostly to areas that are inhabited by humans. Monitoring and tracking in wilderness areas is still a challenging task to date, if not impossible. To bridge this gap, IoT networks are instrumented with Wireless Sensor Networks that are capable of providing remote services through multi-hop communication paradigm. Since these networks are deployed in deserted places, it becomes very crucial to protect the privacy of the location information of critical events or sources that these networks are monitoring. To this end, we propose a new random-walk based routing protocol namely BLS (Backward walk, L-walk, Shortest path walk) to protect the location of critical sources/events. The aim is to break the correlations between the network traffic and render the traffic-analysis efforts of the attacker, in locating the source of information, useless. In addition, we also evaluate the performance of the proposed technique by comparing it with the existing techniques using different privacy metrics such as safety period, entropy and capture ratio. Through this research work, we observed that the performance of source location privacy (SLP) preservation techniques is giving differing results for different privacy metrics. Although the proposed solution outperforms in terms of entropy metric by 104.59-folds improvements compared to Forward Random Walk technique, its performance in terms of safety period and capture ratio metrics are very poor with an improvement of just 0.65-folds and 0.1-fold respectively. Therefore, there is a dire need to come up with a right choice of metric for SLP preservation techniques.
Increasing Source Privacy and Network Lifetime without Affecting Latency: a Strategic Random Walk for WSNs
Dr Manjula R, Florence Mukamanzi., Raja Datta., Tejodbhav Koduru., Damien Hanyurwimfura
Source Title: 2023 8th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS),
View abstract ⏷
Remote monitoring in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) requires enhanced privacy and long-term monitoring of objects or events without escalating delay. To address this problem, a strategic random walk routing for protecting source location privacy (SRWSLP) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is proposed in this article. The proposed technique routes the packets from the source node to the base station (BS) using three phases of routing, namely: i) adaptive backward random walk (A-BRW), ii) adaptive equal depth routing (A-EDR), and iii) forward random walk (FRW). In order to give an impression to a backtracking attacker that the routing pathways are dynamic, the A-BRW and A-EDR phases are designed to carefully route the packets away from the source node in the first two phases of routing. In the third phase, the packets are sent to the base station (BS) using the forward random walk. The objective of the solution is to achieve improved privacy and network lifetime without affecting delay. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed technique performs better than the existing random walk class of SLP techniques.
Cluster-Head Selection Protocol for Improving the Network Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network
Source Title: 2023 9th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication,
View abstract ⏷
Prolonged network operations are crucial for any Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based applications such as health care, military, industrial, etc. The fixed energy and the restrained communication range of the sensor nodes (SNs) make it challenging to achieve a longer life of network operations. Generally, the data collection and direct message transmissions to the base station (BS) consume most of the SNs' energy resulting in a shorter network lifetime. Reduction in the energy expended on these data transmissions leads to an improvement in the WSNs' network lifetime. Clustering approaches are employed to mitigate this issue. The cluster head (CH) in each cluster collects the data from the SNs and forwards it to the BS. Proper CH node selection is vital in achieving enhanced network lifetime. Therefore, in this work, a new clustering technique is proposed that probabilistically selects the best CHs for each cluster by considering the residual energy of each SN. The suggested technique has been compared with the existing LEACH scheme and the experimental outcomes show the suggested technique has improved the network lifetime by an average of 8.32% and 14.23% in terms of the first and the last node dead respectively.
Protecting Source Location Privacy in IoT-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks: The Case of Multiple Assets
Dr Manjula R, Tejodbhav Koduru., Raja Datta
Source Title: IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Quartile: Q1
View abstract ⏷
A major limitation to the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in asset monitoring applications is security and privacy, particularly the privacy of source location information. In this article, we develop two phantom routing-based solutions to provide source location privacy for the case of multisource/asset scenario - the case that has received very little attention in the literature. The idea of phantom routing is to relay the packets to a distant node in a random fashion to obfuscate the traffic flows and confuse the attacker. The first technique phantom routing-based backward random walk (PRBRW) uses a combination of backward random walk (RW) and a greedy forwarding approach to route the packets to the base station (BS). Although the first approach has better performance improvements in terms of capture ratio and safety period it hampers the lifetime of the network and has a poor entropy metric. To better this problem, an improved phantom routing scheme phantom routing-based L-path RW (PRLPRW) is proposed. The second technique has three phases: 1) pure RW; 2) L-walk; and 3) greedy walk. This technique performs well in terms of capture ratio, safety period, and entropy metrics. The improvement in network lifetime is 10-folds and entropy is 477-folds when compared with PRBRW. The performance is evaluated using the developed analytical models and compared with the baseline protection-less scheme shortest path routing (SPR). It is observed that PRBRW and PRLPRW, respectively, have 60- and 73-fold improvements in terms of capture ratio when compared with SPR, whereas existing phantom routing-based pure RW and forward RW techniques, respectively, have only 54- and 34-fold improvements.
Artificial Olfaction for Detection and Classification of Gases Using e-Nose and Machine Learning for Industrial Application
Dr Manjula R, B Narasamma., G Shruthi., K Nagarathna., Girish Kumar
Source Title: Studies in Computational Intelligence, Quartile: Q3
View abstract ⏷
An artificial electronic nose (e-nose) is developed, that mimics the human olfactory system, as an alternative to the human nose. In this work, we aim to develop a mini prototype of e-nose and use it for the detection of various types of gases present in the atmosphere. We then use existing machine learning models to carry out the classification task. Our study shows that the proposed e-nose system can find its potential application in various fields such as medical health care to detect chemical gas leakage, industries to detect hazardous gases, a substitute to the human nose when people are suffering from anosmia disorder, etc. We use k-Nearest Neighbours (kNN), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Linear Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms to test the classification accuracy. Through the experimentation results we found that random forest model performs better with 97.77% classification accuracy compared to other models such as kNN, SVC, logistic regression and decision tree, whose classification accuracy are 93.33%, 62.22%, 71.11%, and 91.11% respectively. In future, we intend to extend this pilot work to automate the entire task where detected gaseous information by the e-nose is sent directly to the user to its mobile phone via Internet, instantly in real time fashion. We also aim to study using Deep Learning Techniques.
A Novel Source Location Privacy Preservation Technique to Achieve Enhanced Privacy and Network Lifetime in WSNs
Dr Manjula R, Dr Manjula R , Raja Datta
Source Title: Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Quartile: Q1
View abstract ⏷
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a two-phase routing technique using multiple virtual sources to provide enhanced source location privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We use the concept of escape-angle and random walks that is based on potential energy. The proposed method routes packets to the base station via different virtual sources located at various positions in the network. The key idea of this work is to exploit the excess energy available in the non-hotspot areas of the network to generate dispersive routes between source node and the virtual sources. This approach maximizes safety-period without hampering the network lifetime. We present mathematical models to estimate the overall energy expenditure that incurs at each node during Min Hop Routing phase (phase two). We then determine the remaining amount of energy which could be used for Stochastic and Diffusive Routing phase (phase one). Simulation results show that the proposed technique achieves improved safety-period without hampering the network lifetime.
An Efficient Aggregation Technique for Data Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks
Dr Manjula R, Dr Manjula R , Raja Datta
Source Title: IET Networks, Quartile: Q3
View abstract ⏷
Abstract: In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the existing cluster-based private data aggregation techniques are energyintensive due to high message transmission complexity. Reliable data transmissions are also vital for resource constraint WSNs.
To address these issues, the authors propose a reliability enabled private data aggregation technique that has message
transmission complexity of O(N). Every node in the cluster cleaves its data into n integrants using simple modular arithmetic with
suitable prime moduli and transmits to the cluster heads (CHs) for intermediate aggregation. The CHs, in turn, forward the
partial aggregate data to the base station where the final aggregate is recovered using an elegant Chinese remainder theorem.
The authors use data privacy, communication overhead, and reliability metrics to gauge the performance of the proposed work.
Numerical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution outperforms the existing schemes having O(N^2)
communication complexity.
An Enhanced Source Location Privacy Protection Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks using Randomized Routes
Dr Manjula R, Dr Manjula R , Raja Datta
Source Title: IETE Journal of Research, Quartile: Q3
View abstract ⏷
ABSTRACT
Asset monitoring and tracking is an important application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Tiny
sensors collect information about the assets and convey this message to the base station using
multi-hop routing techniques. For instance, in habitat monitoring application, the nodes collect
details of the endangered species and report to the central controller, i.e., the base station.
Preserving the privacy of these assets from the attackers is imperative. An attacker may backtrack
the message flow and eventually capture the asset. In this work, we aim to improve the source
location privacy, which is measured by the safety period, by designing a new routing technique
where randomized routes in the whole network are generated distributively between the node of
origin and the base station. The diversity of the routing paths will lengthen the backtracking period
of the attacker and thus increase the safety period. The key feature of the solution is that it achieves
improved source location privacy without hampering the network lifetime. Unlike the existing
solutions, the proposed technique does not employ any fake sources that decreases the network
lifetime due to generation of large number of dummy packets. The solution performs quite well
even when the asset is near the base station. The proposed method is analysed and compared
with forward random walk and phantom single path routing schemes. Simulation results
demonstrate that the proposed method achieves improved privacy level with more uncertainty in
the routing paths than the current techniques.
Efficient Privacy Aware Routing Technique for Monitoring Assets with WSNs
Dr Manjula R, Dr Manjula R, Raja Datta
Source Title: 15th ACM International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services,
Application of the Chinese Remainder Theorem for Source Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks
Dr Manjula R, Mr Bhagwati Sharan, Dr Manjula R, Raja Datta
Source Title: Student Technology Symposium, IIT Kharagpur,
An Energy Efficient Routing Technique for Privacy Preservation of Assets Monitored with WSN
Dr Manjula R, Mr Bhagwati Sharan, Dr Manjula R, Raja Datta
Source Title: Student Technology Symposium, IIT Kharagpur,
Integrated Innovations+
Source Title: Mission 10X, Wipro Ltd.,
INNOVATION
Source Title: Mission 10X, Wipro Ltd.,
Power Spectral Studies of VHF Scintillation over Near Equatorial Station Anantapur”
Dr Manjula R, U. Eranna, Ramamurthy, K. Bhanu Prasad, Dr Manjula R
Source Title: International Journal on Intelligent Electronics systems, Quartile: Q3
View abstract ⏷
The invest igat ions on Ionosphere developed largely because of the ionospheric communicat ions, the improvement of which
depends upon the increased knowledge of the ionospheric behavior and it s characterist ics. The study of radio wave scint illat
ions plays an important role in understanding the basic mechanisms of the generat ions of ionospheric irregularit ies as well as
planning of atellite based communicat ion systems and developing satellite based radar systems. In this paper we present the
digitally recorded ionospheric scint illat ion data of 150.649MHz signal from FLEETSAT satellite at near equatorial station
Anantapur, acquired through a PC based real t ime data acquisit ion system and analyze this data to evaluate the S4 index, the
auto correlat ion funct ion and power spectra.
Comparative study of VHF Scintillations during Low and High Solar activity periods over near Equatorial Station, Anantapur
Dr Manjula R, U. Eranna, Ramamurthy, K. Bhanu Prasad, Dr Manjula R
Source Title: 15th National Space Science Symposium, ISRO Radio Astronomy Centre OOTY,
Effect of Geomagnetic Storms on VHF Ionospheric Scintillations over near Equatorial Station, Anantapur”
Dr Manjula R, U. Eranna, Ramamurthy, K. Bhanu Prasad, Dr Manjula R
Source Title: Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal,
View abstract ⏷
The dynamics and composition of the neutral thermosphere controlled by the difference sources of energy, some fundamental properties of the Geo-magnetic storms and their effects on the F-region ionization are discussed in this paper. The ionospheric electric fields and currents during both SC and GC types of geomagnetic storms and their importance are also presented in this paper. In the present study the scintillation data obtained from FLEETSAT radio beacon signal at 250.649MHz at near equatorial station, Anantapur (14.7° N, 77.7° E, and Dip 15.4° N) India, during some specific storm periods of varying strengths have been examined in association with the occurrence of maximum negative excursion of equatorial DST. The DST index, which is a measure of the ring current at low latitudes, has been used as a measure of the magnetic activity. The occurrence of maximum negative excursions in DST during the local pre-midnight and post-midnight hours is also presented in this paper.
Study of Ionospheric irregularities over near equatorial station, Anantapur Using VHF scintillations
Dr Manjula R, U. Eranna, Ramamurthy, K. Bhanu Prasad,Dr Manjula R
Source Title: IET-UK International Conference on Information and Communication Technology in Electrical Sciences (ICTES),
A survey on Key Generation, Distribution and Management Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks
Dr Manjula R, Dr Manjula R, C. N. Shariff
Source Title: 3rd International Conference on Mobile, Ubiquitous and Pervasive Computing,
